Macroeconomic Chapter 1都学些什么呢?
✅The concept of macroeconomics✅Define macroeconomics✅Compare between Macroeconomics and Microeconomics✅The macroeconomics goals✅The Problem of macroeconomics goals✅Aggregate demand and aggregate supply✅define aggregate demand and aggregate supply✅aggregate demand and aggregate supply curve✅factors that shift AD curve and AS curve✅4th Industrial Revolution✅The influence of 4 Industrial Revolution✅The growth of Gig Economy and Digital Economy
✅The concept of macroeconomics
一开始肯定少不了define macroeconomics
Macroeconomics是学country‘s economic activities。例如,problem of inflation, level of unemployment,balance of payment等
Compare between macroeconomics and microeconomics
左边是microeconomics,右边是macroeconomics。
Macroeconomic goals
1.Achieving Full Employment
🔎少于6%的失业率就代表达到full employment
🔎如果失业率高,代表资源没有用到optimum
2.Maintaining Price Stability
🔎没有price fluctuation
🔎general price increase会导致inflaction
🔎general price decrease会导致deflaction
3.Sustainable Good Economic Growth
🔎提高生活水平
🔎增加output
4.Fair Equitable Distribution of income
🔎解决贫富悬殊的问题
🔎达到相近的收入
5.Competitive International Trade
🔎达到更高的生产
🔎经济福利
6. Satisfactory Equilibrium in Balance of Payments
🔎import>export 亏
🔎import<export 赚
The problem of Macroeconomics Goals无法同时达到两个macro goal
1.To achieve full employment and maintain price stability
🔎政府为了减少失业率,减少tax税,增加津贴。 当政府给予津贴后,市场上就需要很多人手,随之失业率会减少。当失业率减少后,达到了full employment,人民的经济能力就会提高,这会导致demand增加,人民开始疯狂购物,故此general price就也会增加,导致inflation。Inflation发生后,消费者的消费能力就下降,接而导致investment下降,失业率又增加。
2.To achieve economic growth and maintain price stability
🔎为了达到economic growth,政府必须要鼓励investment。怎样鼓励investment?减少interest rate,那么investment level就会增加。Investment增加会导致就业机会增加,国家生产力也会增加。就业机会增加,那么消费能力就会增加,general价格就会增加(inflation),那么就达不到price stability了。为了让general price stable,政府就必须调高interest rate,减少investment,就业机会减少,人民消费能力减少,那么economic growth就无法达到。
3.To achieve economic growth and equilibrium in balance of payment
🔎当我们的经济成长速度过高,人民就会增加消费奢侈品。当人民收入增加,自然而然会购买更多import的货多过local的货,会造成 import>export,就导致deficit in the balance of payment。政府只能减少economic growth来减少人民不断购买进口货