学习この友🧑‍🤝‍🧑🧑‍🤝‍🧑: Organizing
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显示标签为“Organizing”的博文。显示所有博文

2022年5月27日星期五

Chapter3:Principle of management (organization)

Organizing 

  • is the managerial process that defines the role of each employee in order to achieve organizational objectives
  • attempts to achieve the goals set in the planning stage
  • forming an organizational structure

Important of Organizing

  • shows the job divisions or specialization
  • sows the duties and responsibilities of each department
  • shows the reporting relationship between managers and subordinates
  • shows the types of job performed in an organization
  • shows the grouping of work segments in an organization
  • shows the departments or units at each management level in the organizational hierarchy
  • create coordination among different departments of the organization 

Organizing Process

  1. Listing the jobs
    • list 出来分析
  2. Dividing the jobs
    • 公平的分配工作
  3. Establishing the departments
    • departmentalization 部门分配
  4. Coordinating the jobs
    • 确保工作内容合理,避免一人承担过多的工作量
  5. Performing evaluations and adjustments
    • 评估与调整
也可以分成4个stage
  1. Identifying the activities
    • 用organizational goals来决定perform的活动
  2. Grouping the activities
    • 确认活动后,开始把相同的活动grp成一个department
  3. Distributing the tasks
    • 分配task,based on员工能力
    • 有良好的command(reporting line)
  4. Coordinating the tasks
    • 团结达到organizational goal

Work Specialization

跟着department来分配work

好处:
员工做一样的工作会习惯,会做到比较好,增加productivity

坏处:
员工会觉得无聊,懒惰

Job depth
-按照能力分配工作

Job scope
-增加工作的领域

Job design
-outline the task (list出来)

Job design 有job enlargement,job enrichment, job rotation,and job specialization

  1. Job enlargement
    • combine various operation at a similar level into one job
    • increase job scope
    • 要看情况,不能加到员工不能承受,会带来负面影响
  2. Job enrichment
    • give employee more authority and responsibilities增加员工的权利,maybe给她带团队
    • increase job depth
    • motivate自己,因为觉得被信任
  3. Job rotation 调职
    • from one job to another
    • 换department 在同公司
    • provide opportunities for employee to learn new skills
  4. Job specialization
    • 把job分成小part
    • 容易完成
Departmentalization
i. Functional  (function performed)
ii. Divisional (grp based on product/location)
iii. hybrid (有些用functional 有些用divisional)
iv. matrix (horizontal divisional)

vertical coordination(直的):top management而已
-delegation
-span of control
-centralization versus decentralization
-formalization

horizontal coordination link top,middle management
Authority 和responsibilities要一起给

Types of authority
  1. Line authority
    • owned by line manager(advice)
  2. Staff authority
    • given to staff manager (给service)
  3. functional authority
    • line or staff manager to do specific job
    • after task done, authority 要收回

Types of power
1.coercive power
    -can give punish (tangguhkan bagi ganjaran)
2.reward power
    -ability to give something valuable to employee (money)
3.legitimate power
    -manager give instruction to subordinate
4.expert power
    -master in marketing,marketing 他就因为knowledge比较有权力
5.referent power
    -榜样可以当成referent power 公众人物,讲师。。。。

Delegation
1.allocate duties
2.give authority
3.give responsibility
4.establish accountability

好处
-团队精神
-enable innovation

坏处
-abuse of power
-delay
-conflict between employee (不公平)

Span of control
advantage
🍀faster decision making
🍀lower the cost

disadvantage
-hamper their original talent and creativity
-extend hierarchy of control results in a long time in decision-making
-narrow span of controlling prevent cross-functional problem-solving

Centralization
decision是被top manager approve

Decentralization
senior management 有power做decision,不需要top manager approve

Formalization
-helps vertical coordination

i. polices and rules
ii. procedure
iii. rules
iv. job description

Traditional organizational structure
simple structure
🍀control all functions of the business
functional structure
🍀grouped according organizational functions
Divisional structure
🍀organizational function divide into product divisions

narrow span of control 适合大公司
wide span of control 适合小公司


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