不说你不知+自我介绍（群主篇）

长文慎入，应 。该。不。会。让。你。们。失。望。吧

谈个人

我先来个自我介绍，我是历年的SPM考生来自柔佛，姓李名景俍可以叫我liang在柔佛某国中毕业SPM。同时也是2020/21 SPM华文科资讯站（翱翔的17岁）的与其他群(创办人/发起人)。下面的（紫色）字可以点击噢！

• STPM 2020/2021/2022各科分享群
• 2020/21 SPM华文科资讯站（翱翔的17岁）
• PT3 华语资讯与资料群2021🥳🥳
• SPM华文科资料库🏢  （最新！！）
  

谈开群历史与初心

其实没原因，如果想要原因可以仔细看下面的列表哦👇👇


💥一开始中四就进入spm的学习群了。然后就开始很多资料（还没有google drive）想分享给别人，可是看见其他的群组不太完善（多广告）。所以亲手创造群组。

💥想要让贫穷的孩子们得到免费学习与咨询的平台

💥让学子们学习更多好的知识，推动其他考生学习。此外也分享课外的知识，与创立一起沟通的平台

💥本人从telegram 蔓延到微信一起开。是让有些人没有其中一个应用就可以进入。

    （fb bc spm群也开通与另群主合作）

💥希望能改变马来西亚的教育制度推向更高水平，不然社会风气改变，保持文化！！（虽然一个人力量没办法改变什么，但是我相信奇迹！！您要与我一起吗？


👱几时开始的？

初始是SPM时在微信开始开spm，spmbc，pt3群。然后，就觉得一次过开完其他群。所以有了stpm群在telegram了(当时有些人没有微信就可以用telegram)。


👍现在我有开PT3(中一至中三）【微信】，中四群【微信】，spm各科群，华语spm，独中高考【微信】，stpm群 ，poli华人群，SPM升学群，SPMU群
（青色字是新增的）

其他的群可以参考：

https://leelianglearning.blogspot.com/2021/05/pt3spmstpm-politeknik.html


本人从各个管道比如：
1）面子书
2）TELEGRAM
3）微信
4）微博
5）WhatsApp 群

6） 谷歌
7）小红书
8）FB PAGE

接近差不多20,30个群找资料的。版主讲这个是要告诉你们可以用什么管道找寻资料而不是空手前来讨资料/答案的、从找资料你们应该见过很多文件都是数字的比如4694645184.pdf 。还有有些是重发的资料。从这点我需要下载，查看文件里面是否一样，若有一样文件将不被放进Google Drive （GD）里，如果那文件是数字我还要重rename （重命名）过，再upload上去。除此之外，遇到不是自己的科目的肯定一定不了解它是哪个bab/subtopik的，所以需要找课本回去或者与拿某科科目的群员询问详情。虽然拿别人资料容易，但是整理资料难，遇到trial paper时候没有人发/发不完成/没有edit过的照片(需要转换去pdf)/问了很多次没有人提供trial paper(预考试卷)。期间我整理资料可以连续10+小时对着电脑整理的(假期/周末天)。平常天也需要关注其他群组/翻群里信息才能收集最新资料。甚至我明明都发资料了，但是要求回本人重发(已发过n次)。你们觉得如何？

其外，还需要管理群组，招人，控制信息。因此我在这里非常感谢愿意相信与贡献的朋友们。

=================================================================

这是我自己耗时8个月整理出有关SPM的资料。但是只给有加入我群组的你们。所以请勿随地转发出去给第三方，谢谢。祝各位金榜题名✋✋

点击下方查看
（ SPM KBSM BY LIANG ）

SPM KBSM 与KSSM 版本的学习资料都差不多只是要看自己会不会联系到，所谓穷则变，变则通，通则久。



最后，希望能在来年的时候收到各位的好消息。祝各位毕业生毕业愉快。我们一起努力传承华语❗️加油❗️

欢迎投稿分享~~

邮件：（ leeliang0326@gmail.com ）

版主的其他管道：（ https://linktr.ee/studyfriend_liang ）

更新于：22/10/21

HOW MANY YOU KNOW Career CIVIL ENGEERING?

FOR  CIVIL  ENGINEERING Department

Learn about the articles engineering departments

1) Operations Executive

• Responsible for the direction and management of operations overseeing and project finances
• Play a key role in the business' purpose, vision and values, ensuring strategic objectives are achieved.
• The promotion of your business units services within Southern African and other off-shore markets building client relationships
• Develop supplier relationships ensuring contracts are geared towards profitability
• Develops policies, programmes and objectives for all Operations activities for the business.
• Develop a project management culture focused on delivering quality projects on time and within budget.
• Assess and establish best practices' with regard to project management, purchasing and engineering
• Mentor Project Managers strengthening business/commercial acumen enabling others to see the bigger picture' and promote their personal growth

2)Quantity Surveyors（QS)

 responsible for managing all aspects of the contractual and financial side of construction projects. 

. Quantity surveyors manage the costs on a construction project. They help to ensure that the construction project is completed within its projected budget.

.Alternative job titles for a quantity surveyor include ‘cost consultant’, ‘commercial manager’, ‘cost manager’ and ‘cost engineer’.

• price/forecast the cost of the different materials needed for the project
• prepare tender documents, contracts, budgets, bills of quantities and other documentation
• track changes to the design and/or construction work and adjust budget projections accordingly
• procure or agree the services of contractors and/or subcontractors who work on the construction of the project
• measure and value the work done on site
• pay subcontractors
• liaise with the client and other construction professionals, such as site managers, project managers and site engineers
• select and/or source construction materials
• write reports.

1)https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/278255-quantity-surveyor-job-description 
2)COMMING SOON 

3)Geotechnical Engineers

If structural engineering takes your fancy, consider geotechnical engineering too. Geotechnical engineers are responsible for structures’ foundations.

• Finding ways to ensure foundations or slopes are stable,
• Designing foundations.
•  Overseeing work on a construction site. They often work for consultancies.
• Assessing data from the field

foundations (base of structure building)

4)Construction and Building Inspectors

• Review plans to ensure they meet building codes, local ordinances, zoning regulations, and contract specifications.
• Approve building plans that are satisfactory.
• Monitor construction sites periodically to ensure overall compliance.
• Use survey instruments, metering devices, and test equipment to perform inspections.
• Inspect plumbing, electrical, and other systems to ensure that they meet code.
• Verify alignment, level, and elevation of structures to ensure building meets specifications.
• Issue violation notices and stop-work orders until building is compliant.
• Keep daily logs, including photographs taken during inspections.
• Provide written documentation of findings.

People want to live and work in safe places, and construction and building inspectors ensure that construction meets codified requirements. Construction and building inspectors examine buildings, highways and streets, sewer and water systems, dams, bridges, and other structures. They also inspect electrical; heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR); and plumbing systems. Although no two inspections are alike, inspectors perform an initial check during the first phase of construction and follow-up inspections throughout the construction project. When the project is finished, they perform a final, comprehensive inspection and provide written and oral feedback related to their findings.

The following are examples of types of construction and building inspectors:

Building inspectors  >> >> check the structural quality and general safety of buildings. Some specialize further, inspecting only structural steel or reinforced-concrete structures, for example.

Coating inspectors >> >> examine the exterior paint and coating on bridges, pipelines, and large holding tanks. Inspectors perform checks at various stages of the painting process to ensure proper coating.

Electrical inspectors >> >> examine the installed electrical systems to ensure they function properly and comply with electrical codes and standards. The inspectors visit worksites to inspect new and existing sound and security systems, wiring, lighting, motors, photovoltaic systems, and generating equipment. They also inspect the installed electrical wiring for HVACR systems and appliances.

Elevator inspectors>>>>  examine lifting and conveying devices, such as elevators, escalators, moving sidewalks, lifts and hoists, inclined railways, ski lifts, and amusement rides. The inspections include both the mechanical and electrical control systems.

Home inspectors >>>>   typically inspect newly built or previously owned homes, condominiums, townhomes, and other dwellings. Prospective home buyers often hire home inspectors to check and report on a home’s structure and overall condition. Sometimes, homeowners hire a home inspector to evaluate their home’s condition before placing it on the market.

In addition to examining structural quality, home inspectors examine all home systems and features, including the roof, exterior walls, attached garage or carport, foundation, interior walls, plumbing, electrical, and HVACR systems. They look for violations of building codes, but home inspectors do not have the power to enforce compliance with the codes.

Mechanical inspectors >>>> examine the installation of HVACR systems and equipment to ensure that they are installed and function properly. They also may inspect commercial kitchen equipment, gas-fired appliances, and boilers. Mechanical inspectors should not be confused with quality control inspectors, who inspect goods at manufacturing plants.

Plan examiners >>>> determine whether the plans for a building or other structure comply with building codes. They also determine whether the structure is suited to the engineering and environmental demands of the building site.

Plumbing inspectors >>>>examine the installation of systems that ensure the safety and health of drinking water, the sanitary disposal of waste, and the safety of industrial piping.

Public works inspectors >>>>ensure that the construction of federal, state, and local government water and sewer systems, highways, streets, bridges, and dams conforms to detailed contract specifications. Workers inspect excavation and fill operations, the placement of forms for concrete, concrete mixing and pouring, asphalt paving, and grading operations. Public works inspectors may specialize in highways, structural steel, reinforced concrete, or ditches. Others may specialize in dredging operations required for bridges, dams, or harbors.

Specification inspectors >>>>ensure that construction work is performed according to design specifications. Specification inspectors represent the owner’s interests, not those of the general public. Insurance companies and financial institutions also may use their services.

1) https://www.truity.com/career-profile/construction-or-building-inspector

5）Health & Safety Manager (OSHA)

The Health & Safety Manager is in charge of the safety, health environment, and quality assurance. They supervise or co-ordinate work systems to ensure products and services meet the highest quality standards, and that working conditions are safe and meet legal requirements.

• To investigate accidents and ensure all documentation is updated.
• Implementation of any new legislation relating to health and safety.
• Facilitate all forms of risk assessment - manual handling, fire risk assessments / fire prevention, COSHH.
• Occupational health and safety surveys - noise, light, chemical substances.
• Health and safety awareness training.
• Site inspections.
• Toolbox talks.
• To complete prevention inspections on a regular basis and ensure records maintained of same.
• Annual H&S audits and Quality Assurance
• Ensure the company meets its obligations under the ‘Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations’.
• Ensure construction accreditations such as CHAS and Constructionline are achieved and renewed.
• Devise and improve the training matrix for all staff, carry out H&S inductions and in-house training.
  
  
  
• https://www.kalcrest.co.uk/job-sectors/health-and-safety-manager
  
  
  
  
  6)Site Supervisor
  
  
  
  
  

• ordering building supplies
• scheduling equipment maintenance as needed and training new construction employees.
• Inspecting construction sites regularly to identify and eliminate potential safety hazards.
• Supervising and instructing the construction team as well as subcontractors.
• Educating site workers on construction safety regulations and accident protocol.
• Enforcing site safety rules to minimize work-related accidents and injuries.
• Handling site accidents in accordance with established accident protocol.
• Maintaining an accurate record of construction employee attendance.
• Evaluating the performance of construction employees and instituting disciplinary measures as needed.
• Analyzing blueprints to ensure that construction projects meet design, safety, and budget specifications.
• Recommending changes to construction operations or procedures to increase efficiency.

>> https://www.betterteam.com/site-supervisor-job-description

7) Land Surveyor 

  Under LEMBAGA JURUKUR TANAH MALAYSIA  
  WEBSITE: http://ljt.org.my/content/lembaga-jurukur-tanah-malaysia

Land Surveyors use special equipment to conduct measurements and evaluations of sites for public, government and private property. The responsibilities of Land Surveyors include developing land survey reports and performing calculations of measurements and evaluations.

• Preparing and maintaining sketches, maps, and reports of legal descriptions of surveys.
• Verifying data and calculations.
• Recording results of surveys.
• Calculating the measurements of sites.
• Writing descriptions of property boundaries.
• Researching legal documents, survey records, and land titles to clarify information about property boundaries.
  
  
  
  
  
  1)https://www.betterteam.com/land-surveyor-job-description
  2)https://www.jobhero.com/job-description/examples/engineering/land-surveyor
  3)https://rism.org.my/geomatic-and-land-surveying-division-gls/

8)Material Controller

Coordinating Materials

Material Controllers coordinate and expedite movement of materials between departments according to each department’s production and shipping requirements. They also create and maintain computerized records of these movements.

Order Management

Computation of the amounts of material or items required to complete specific job orders is a responsibility of Material Controllers. They must have knowledge of product manufacturing and related processes to successfully estimate how much each department or job requires.

Inventory Control

Knowing how to create, compile and maintain manual or computerized records is an essential job duty of Material Controllers. They need these records to be able to verify inventory numbers and locations and to have available in the instance of an audit. Various software programs can be utilized to help with inventory control.

Transporting Materials

Material Controllers often have to move or transport materials between departments in response to production needs. Knowledge of equipment such as forklifts or pallet jacks is helpful. In addition, knowing how to move items safely without bodily injury to themselves or others is essential.

Examining and Verifying Materials

Upon receiving new inventory, Material Controllers are tasked with examining the materials to verify that they conform to production specifications. They must be familiar with these specifications or have the ability to look in the reference manuals for the information. They must document any exceptions and arrange for the return or exchange of any materials that fail to meet specifications.


1）https://www.jobhero.com/job-description/examples/inventory-management/material-controller
2）https://www.myoilandgascareer.com/role/materials-controller
3）https://work.chron.com/material-controller-duties-28848.html
4）https://www.payscale.com/research/MY/Job=Material_Controller/Salary

9)Assistant Engineer

。Assist in designing, developing and executing construction projects.
。Work with Project Manager in reviewing project specification and in preparing project plan and design sheet.

。Visit sites, prepare construction drawings and develop samples.

。Work with engineering team in developing construction plan.

。Determine budget, schedule, manpower and material and equipment requirements to execute construction project.

。Report all expenses to Project Manager on timely basis.

。Maintain quality assurance standards for projects.

。Provide technical assistance to field staff when needed.

。Analyze construction problems and recommend corrective actions.

。Order and stock construction materials to avoid shortage

https://www.greatsampleresume.com/job-responsibilities/construction/assistant-engineer

• managing a team of staff including programmers, analysts, and support specialists
• evaluating the functionality of systems
• consulting computer users to ascertain needs and to ensure that facilities meet user or project requirements
• selecting and purchasing appropriate hardware and software
• managing IT budgets
• ensuring software licensing laws are followed
• implementing and managing security or integrity and backup procedures
• scheduling upgrades
• providing user training, support, advice and feedback
• testing and modifying systems to ensure that that they operate reliably
• managing secure network access for remote users
• keeping up to date with new technology
• designing maintenance procedures and putting them into operation
• training new staff.

Typical employers for information systems managers

• Financial organisations
• IT companies
• Management consultancy firms
• Software companies
• Universities
• Hospitals
• Local authorities
• Central government
• Online retailers
  
  
  https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/279831-information-systems-manager-job-description
  

11）Draftsman/Draughtsman/Draughtswoman (autocad)

engineering technician who makes detailed technical drawings or plans for machinery, buildings, electronics, infrastructure, sections, etc. Drafters use computer software and manual sketches to convert the designs, plans, and layouts of engineers and architects into a set of technical drawings. Drafters operate as the supporting developers and sketch engineering designs and drawings from preliminary design concepts.

Many modern drafters now use computer software such as AutoCAD, Revit, and SolidWorks to flesh out the designs of engineers or architects into technical drawings and blueprints but board drafting still remains the base of the CAD system. Many of these drawings are utilized to create structures, tools or machines. In addition, the drawings also include design specifications like dimensions, materials and procedures.^[1] Consequently, drafters may also be casually referred to as CAD operators, engineering draftspersons, or engineering technicians.^[2]

With CAD systems, drafters can create and store drawings electronically so that they can be viewed, printed, or programmed directly into automated manufacturing systems. CAD systems also permit drafters to quickly prepare variations of a design. Although drafters use CAD extensively, it is only a tool. Drafters still need knowledge of traditional drafting techniques, in addition to CAD skills. Despite the near global use of CAD systems, manual drafting and sketching are used in certain applications.^[2]

Drafters' drawings provide visual guidelines and show how to construct a product or structure. Drawings include technical details and specify dimensions, materials, and procedures. Drafters fill in technical details using drawings, rough sketches, specifications, and calculations made by engineers, surveyors, architects, or scientists. For example, drafters use their knowledge of standardized building techniques to draw in the details of a structure. Some use their understanding of engineering and manufacturing theory and standards to draw the parts of a machine; they determine design elements, such as the numbers and kinds of fasteners needed to assemble the machine. Drafters use technical handbooks, tables, calculators, and computers to complete their work.



1)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drafter
2)https://www.jobstreet.com.my/en/career-insights/draughtsman/salary/within-engineering-civil-construction-structural

12)Construction Cleaner

Site clean-up includes coming in behind different subcontractors to clean up their messes and prepping the area for the next subcontractor. For example, once the flooring contractors complete their work, clean-up workers get the property ready for the painters, cabinetry workers or whichever subcontractor is coming in next. Cleaning up on site includes properly disposing of any debris and trash. Often, the clean-up worker will do a walk-through with the contractor to get an idea of exactly what the contractor expects and to receive any special clean-up instructions. The clean-up worker’s supervisor, or the worker himself, if he is an independent contractor, often follows up with the contractor to confirm that the clean-up job met expectations.

Post-Construction Cleaning

Part of site clean-up may include cleaning the actual home, office or structure the contractors built so that it is ready for the new occupants to move into. Clean-up workers wipe down ceiling fixtures, fans, lights, mechanical registers, walls, cabinets, windows, sills, mirrors, baseboards, counters, appliances and other fixtures. They also sweep and mop floors and outdoor sidewalks and patio spaces. The clean-up worker must take care to only use products suited for the type of material he is cleaning. For example, workers cannot use harsh chemicals or cleaners when dealing with delicate materials such as granite, marble or quartz.

https://www.csginc.com/posts/professional-construction-cleaning/
https://work.chron.com/construction-cleanup-job-description-30794.html


13)Construction Marketing Manager

• Advertising, marketing
• promotions
• public relations activities.
• sales managers coordinate their company's market research
• marketing strategy
• sales
• advertising
• promotion 
• pricing
• product development

https://www.constructionexecutive.com/article_details/1516/What-is-Construction-Marketing-Manager-Job-Description-.html



14)Project Designer

。Provide assistance in project design and development activities based on customer requirements.

。Develop design documentations, technical specifications and other project related documentations as needed.

。Attend project meetings to discuss about any issues and new design ideas.

。Analyze design issues and suggest corrective actions.

。Oversee change order management and document filing activities.

。Work with Manager in developing project plan, budget and schedule.

。Prepare design layouts and sketches according to company design standards.

。Stay abreast with latest developments in design technologies and techniques.

。Address design related queries and concerns in a timely manner.

。Provide assistance and conduct trainings to team members when required.

。Work with design team in prioritizing, planning and executing several projects efficiently.

。effective design solutions to meet project goals.

。Review and recommend improvements to existing designs.

。Follow company policies and design standards.

。Develop cost reduction initiatives while maintaining quality and productivity

1）https://www.greatsampleresume.com/job-responsibilities/graphic-web-design/project-designer
2）https://www.chegg.com/career-center/explore/project-designer

3）http://sorrelldesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Sorrell-Design-Designer-Job-Description-9-2017.pdf
4）https://www.jobstreet.com.my/en/career-insights/project-designer/salary


15）Admin Executive Construction （Office）

• 。Preparing, organizing and storing information in paper and digital form
• 。Dealing with queries on the phone and by email
• 。Greeting visitors at the reception
• 。Managing diaries, scheduling meetings, and booking rooms
• 。Arranging travel and accommodation
• 。Arranging post and deliveries
• 。Taking minutes at meetings
• 。Typing up letters and reports
• 。Updating computer records using a database
• 。Printing and photocopying
• 。Ordering office supplies
• 。Maintaining office systems
• 。Liaising with suppliers and contractors
• 。Liaising with staff in other departments, e.g. finance, HR
• 。Working in an office.

https://www.goconstruct.org/construction-careers/what-jobs-are-right-for-me/administrator/

arranged by lee Liang 

==========================================================
16）Civil Engineering 

• undertaking technical and feasibility studies including site investigations
• using a range of computer software for developing detailed designs
• undertaking complex calculations
• liaising with clients and a variety of professionals including architects and subcontractors
• compiling job specs and supervising tendering procedures
• resolving design and development problems
• managing budgets and project resources
• scheduling material and equipment purchases and deliveries
• making sure the project complies with legal requirements, especially health and safety
• assessing the sustainability and environmental impact of projects
• ensuring projects run smoothly and structures are completed within budget and on time.

https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/278929-civil-engineer-job-description

17)Construction Superintendent

Keeping track of project progress

Ensuring compliance with safety, health, and quality standards

Purchasing equipment and materials 

Collaborate with engineers, subcontractors, etc. to determine project needs 

Set performance goals and deadlines

Plan construction processes

Estimate costs and ensure the project is on budget 

Supervise staff and provide constructive feedback 

Monitor and report on project progress

Plan inspections and obtain construction permits from local authorities

Implement safety and quality guidelines

Order the appropriate equipment and arrange for regular maintenance

Keep track of material stock and orders

Ensure the job site remains safe, clean, and orderly

Resolve on-site issues and emergencies

1）https://www.payscale.com/research/MY/Job=Construction_Superintendent/Salary
2）https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintendent_(construction)
3）https://resources.workable.com/construction-superintendent-job-description

18）Structure Inspector

A structural engineer inspection is typically a visual inspection performed by a structural engineer to validate the structural soundness of a home or building’s weight bearing components such as framing, foundation, beams, columns, posts, or trusses.

It is performed when a home or property owner has questions about the structural integrity of a building or structure. This could entail an analysis of the whole structure or an examination of one specific element of the building.

 Common reasons you may need a structural engineering inspection are: 

• Bowing/cracked foundation
• Settlement or wall cracks
• To remove a wall in a remodel
• Add solar panels to a roof
• Add a second story to a home

1）https://cbsmn.com/what-is-a-structural-engineer-inspection-everything-you-need-to-know/
2）https://www.ziprecruiter.com/Salaries/Structural-Inspector-Salary

19)  Geotechnical Engineer

• Gathering and analysing data
• Looking at the risk of geological hazards and making sure any factors affecting engineering works are identified and managed
• Advising on procedures required and the suitability of construction materials
• Using specialist computer software to create analytical 2D and 3D models
• Consulting geological maps and aerial photographs to advise on site selection
• Assisting with the design of built structures, using specialised computer software or calculations
• Planning detailed field investigations by drilling and analysing samples of deposits or bedrock
• Supervising ground investigations and budgets
• Advising on and testing a range of construction materials including sand, gravel, bricks and clay
• Making recommendations on the proposed use of a site
• Managing staff, including other engineering geologists, geotechnical engineers, consultants and contractors
• Working to preserve and protect the physical environment
• Analysing sites and designs for environmentally sensitive developments, such as landfill.

1）https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/geotechnical-engineer/
2）https://www.goconstruct.org/construction-careers/what-jobs-are-right-for-me/geotechnical-engineer/
3）https://www.payscale.com/research/MY/Job=Geotechnical_Engineer/Salary

20）Carpenter

• Installing wooden structures such as roofing frames, rafters, partitions, joists, and stud work.
• Designing and installing cabinets, shelving, fitted furniture, drywall and insulation
• Adding fixtures and fittings such as door handles, locks, hinges and closures.
• Selecting lumber by size and strength to suit each job, sourcing wood to suit the customer's budget and style.
• Calculating the number of fasteners required for each job.
• Liaising with clients, suppliers and other construction professionals.
• Reading blueprints and designs to work to specifications prepared by other construction. professionals, architects and building code recommendations.

1）https://www.indeed.com/employers/job-description/carpenter
2）https://hiring.monster.com/employer-resources/job-description-templates/carpenter-job-description-sample/
3）https://resources.workable.com/carpenter-job-description
4）https://malaysia.indeed.com/career/carpenter/salaries



21)  Roofer

Perform Roof Pre-Inspections

Before they begin a job, roofers inspect a roof to determine the best repair or replacement procedure. They inspect their work area to make sure that all required tools are present. Their evaluation incudes calculating the total amount of materials and labor needed to complete the job.

Measure and Cut Project Materials

Roofers have to ensure that any materials they use are properly trimmed to tightly fit along the edges of a roof. They are responsible for altering materials as needed. Roofers make sure that their materials fit around chimneys, vents, gutters, and walls, and other intersecting surfaces.

Smooth and Level Roof Surfaces

Before adding new layers, roofers smooth out rough spots and prepare a surface for new shingles or waterproofing. They use hammers, chisels, or other abrasive materials such as bricks, sand, and dirt to level out surfaces. After new shingles are placed, a roofer may glaze the top layer of their work and embed gravel to fill crevices.

Install Roofing Materials

The roofer’s primary job is to construct a weatherproof roof by installing materials such as shingles and asphalt. During this process they replace any areas of the roof that are damaged or rotting. To create a more weatherproof seal, a roofer may also use insulation or vapor barriers. During installation, roofers use caulk and mortar to cover any exposed nails or screw heads to prevent leakage.

Complete Site Set Up and Clean Up

Preparing and cleaning up a job location is a roofer’s responsibility. When they first arrive on site, roofers set up ladders, scaffolding, and other temporary structures. These tools enable them to conduct all needed roof work in a safe way. Once the job is completed, they are required to break down the site.


https://www.jobhero.com/job-description/examples/construction/roofer

22) CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT

• Negotiate cost estimates and coordinate the budget
• Handle the task timetables
• Put together a construction strategy
• Communicate with clients regarding all budget-related issues
• Discuss details of projects with various team managers and workers
• Supervise onsite work
• Coordinate with contractors
  
  

  
  CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT’S PRIMARY FUNCTIONS
  
  

  1. Project Specification

  Construction management is in charge of detailing the project goals and drawing up plans on accomplishing those. These plans include drawing the project scope, scheduling construction, budgeting, selecting contractors, and outlining all of the specifics.

  2. Coordinate Resources

  If the project hopes to be successful, it requires a plethora of resources. The construction management team boosts the effectiveness of these resources by acquiring the right workforce, equipment, and timetable.

  3. Mitigate Teams

  Construction management handles the conduction of numerous operations by coordinating and managing the entire procedure. This mainly means working with all construction teams, including contracting, planning, design, estimating, and construction.

  4. Communication Agent 

  All in all, the management team must develop a stable communication process. This process directly affects the efficiency of the entire projects by allowing every member of the workforce to communicate with one another.
  
  
  

  THE CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROCESS
  
  

  1. Project Initiation

  The first phase of any given construction project determines the feasibility of the entire process. As project initiation begins, many firms will put together a feasibility plan to determine whether the project will work or not. A Project Initiation Document (PID) is also created during this phase. In summary, the first phase of the process lays the groundwork for the entire project.

  2. Planning

  Once project initiation finishes and feasibility decided, the construction management team moves into stage two– project planning. This stage includes coordinating what is needed, who does what, and more. While planning occurs throughout the project, the main objective of this phase is to determine the costs and resources required. Based on those requirements, construction management develops the necessary strategy for completing the project. Another aspect of this phase is risk management, which examines all potential threats and what is needed to mitigate those issues.

  3. Execution

   In the execution phase, construction project management puts in more of the heavy lifting. Generally, this phase is made up of two processes—execution and monitoring. The project team coordinates with all teams making sure that the work is getting done. At the same time, the team monitors progress and makes changes as needed. During this phase, the project manager spends time tracking the project and redirecting accordingly.

  4. Completion

  The final stage of the construction management process is complete. During this phase, the project manager evaluates the entire construction process. They determine what went well and what didn’t. As the project completes, the management team will conduct a project report, calculate the final budget, and offer any information regarding any unfinished tasks.

https://www.thinkaec.com/what-are-the-tasks-that-construction-management-performs/

23)Electrician

• Install, maintain and repair electrical control, wiring, and lighting systems.
• Read technical diagrams and blueprints.
• Perform general electrical maintenance.
• Inspect transformers and circuit breakers and other electrical components.
• Troubleshoot electrical issues using appropriate of testing devices.
• Repair and replace equipment, electrical wiring, or fixtures.
• Follow National Electrical Code state and local building regulations.
• Circuit breaker corrective maintenance.
• Good knowledge of heating and air conditioning systems.
• Good knowledge of various test equipment.
  
  https://www.betterteam.com/electrician-job-description
  
  
  
  24) Painter Construction
  
  
  

  A construction painter applies paint, stain, and coatings to a wide variety of structures, including walls, interiors, and exteriors of buildings, and bridges.

  They may work both indoors and outdoors and on high and low-rise structures executing general and custom maintenance painting and finishing.
  

  
  • Confer with the appropriate authority in reading and interpreting job orders
  • Responsible for preparing cost estimates and product proposal
  • Appropriately mix paint colors following determined formulas approved by management
  • Perform pre-painting activities including scraping, sandpaper, and repair of cracks and holes before conducting general finishing
  • Execute pre-emptive maintenance to ensure long-lasting colors and minimize future damages
  • Accomplish custom painting tasks as per the contractor advise
  • Responsible for the maintenance of ventilation, compressed air, and personal protective equipment, and report any issues with equipment to management
  • Responsible for the application of paints using rollers, brushes, spray guns, and finishes drywall using standard or specialized tool
  • Responsible for cleaning all equipment, including brushes and spray guns after use
  • Execute tasks using scaffolding and ladders to reach high ceilings or walls.
  
  
  https://jobdescriptionandresumeexamples.com/construction-painter-job-description-key-duties-and-responsibilities/
  
  
  
  
  
  25) Technical Supervisor
  
  

  



• Accomplishes construction human resource objectives by selecting, orienting, training, assigning, scheduling, coaching, counseling, and disciplining employees; communicating job expectations; planning, monitoring, appraising job contributions; recommending compensation actions; adhering to policies and procedures.
• Manages sub-contractors by locating, evaluating, and selecting sub-contractors; monitoring and controlling performance.
• Meets operational standards by contributing construction information to strategic plans and reviews; implementing production, productivity, quality, and customer-service standards; resolving problems; identifying construction management system improvements.
• Meets construction budget by monitoring project expenditures; identifying variances; implementing corrective actions; providing non-project annual operating and capital budget information.
• Accomplishes construction project results by defining project purpose and scope; calculating resources required; establishing standards and protocols; allocating resources; scheduling and coordinating staff and sub-contractors; evaluating milestone assumptions and conclusions; resolving design problems; evaluating and implementing change orders.
• Approves construction projects by conducting inspections at critical phases; obtaining approvals from buyers.
• Prevents fines and interruptions by complying with, and enforcing, codes.
• Maintains safe, secure, and healthy work environment by following and enforcing standards and procedures; complying with legal regulations.
• Updates job knowledge by tracking and understanding emerging construction practices and standards; participating in educational opportunities; reading professional publications; maintaining personal networks; participating in professional organizations.
• Enhances organization reputation by accepting ownership for accomplishing new and different requests; exploring opportunities to add value to job accomplishments.

• 

  https://hiring.monster.com › c...
  
  
  
  
  26)Construction Foreman
  
  
  

  

  
  

  • Leading crews to complete specific projects.
  • Overseeing training of new crew members.
  • Communicating to project managers/supervisors.
  • Reading plans and specs.
  • Ensuring quality work and correct practices.

  

  https://www.construct-ed.com/job-description/construction-foreman/
  

  
  

• 27)Elevator installer
  
  
  

  

  • Read and interpret blueprints to determine the layout of system components and to select the equipment needed for installation or repair
  • Assemble elevator cars, installing each car’s platform, walls, and doors
  • Connect electrical wiring to control panels and electric motors
  • Test newly installed equipment to ensure that it meets specifications
  • Troubleshoot malfunctions in brakes, motors, switches, and control systems
  • Dismantle elevator or escalator units in order to gain access to remove and replace defective parts, using hoists, ladders, and hand/power tools
  • Repair and/or replace faulty components in order to return elevator to fully operational status
  • Conduct preventive maintenance and inspections of elevators and escalators on a scheduled basis to ensure compliance with safety regulations and building codes
  • Keep service records of all maintenance and repair tasks
    
    

  

  https://www.truity.com/career-profile/elevator-installer-or-repairer







28)Construction Expeditor
• 
  
  

  

  • Determine supply needs through technical details and schedules
  • Manage the orders of material and equipment to meet project requirements
  • Coordinate the delivery of supplies according to priorities and specifications
  • Resolve problems to speed up delivery of orders
  • Inspect orders upon arrival to ensure the correct quality and quantity
  • Monitor inventory of supplies for different jobs or sites
  • Place orders when needed aiming for timely delivery and competitive price
  • Arrange the movement of material between locations
  • Maintain good relationships with suppliers and vendors
  • Keep accurate records
    
    
    

    

    https://resources.workable.com/construction-expeditor-job-description
    
    
    29)Estimator
    
    An estimator is a statistic that estimates some fact about the population. You can also think of an estimator as the rule that creates an estimate. For example, the sample mean(x̄) is an estimator for the population mean, μ.

    The quantity that is being estimated (i.e. the one you want to know) is called the estimand. For example, let’s say you wanted to know the average height of children in a certain school with a population of 1000 students. You take a sample of 30 children, measure them and find that the mean height is 56 inches. This is your sample mean, the estimator. You use the sample mean to estimate that the population mean (your estimand) is about 56 inches.

    

    https://www.statisticshowto.com/estimator/
    
    
    
    30) Plumber in Construction
    
    
    
  • Installing, repairing and maintaining domestic, commercial or industrial plumbing systems
  • Marking positions for pipe connections and fixtures in walls and floors
  • Cutting openings in walls and floors to accommodate pipes and pipe fittings
  • Measuring, cutting, bending and installing pipes using hand and power tools
  • Joining pipes using clamps, screws, bolts or cement
  • Welding pipes
  • Testing pipes for leaks
  • Preparing cost estimates
  • Reading and interpreting blueprints
  
  

  

  https://www.careersinconstruction.ca/en/career/plumber
  
  
  
  31)Crane Operator
  
  
  

• Operating the crane under supervision.
• Inspecting the crane to ensure its safety.
• Performing routine maintenance.
• Carrying tools for running repairs.
• Understanding and executing the job billing process.
• Driving the crane to a worksite.
• Wearing PPT safety equipment.
• Cleaning and maintaining the crane hoisting mechanism.
• Using lever and pedal controls efficiently.
• Setting up the manufacturer’s operator manual.
  
  

  

  https://www.betterteam.com/crane-operator-job-description

TOTALY 31 WORKS in civil engineering.

ARRANGED BY： LIANG
Last updated :25/7/2021